The tower crane's base is typically bolted to a large concrete pad which provides very necessary support. The base is connected to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane that is connected to the inside of the structure of the building. Usually, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
The crane's mast is usually a triangulated lattice structure that measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a motor and a gear which allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kg or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature known as a load moment switch to make certain that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or 70 meters.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will at first have to be brought to the construction location by utilizing a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machine portion of the jib and the crane. These sections are then attached to the mast. Next, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be some of the other industrial machinery that is used to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or 20 feet. Then, the crane operator uses the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast part piece.